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Sweetwater Dam
The Sweetwater Dam is a dam across the Sweetwater River in San Diego County, California. As the crow flies, it sits about east of San Diego and northeast of Chula Vista; and just south of the city of La Presa. The -high masonry arch dam impounds Sweetwater Reservoir.
The dam was first constructed in 1888 as part of a system of reservoirs on San Diego County rivers designed to provide water to irrigate crops along the coast and to supply the city of San Diego and its outlying towns. Over the next few decades the dam was raised and retrofitted several times from its original height of . In 1916, a heavy flood caused both abutments of the dam to fail. Fortunately, the rest of the dam did not sustain heavy damage and it remains in use today serving flood control, water storage and recreation.
==Design==
Sweetwater Dam is a concrete thick gravity-arch type, straddling the Sweetwater River to form a reservoir capable of holding of water. It is high and long, with a thickness of at the base. It is equipped with an intake tower on the upstream end connected to a high-pressure conduit that cuts through the base of the dam designed to release water from different depths of the reservoir; if water is released from a lower elevation the outflow will be greater. However, due to the low flow of the river, there is typically only a trickle of water below the dam as it impounds all the inflow from upstream. Occasional large floods do hit the area, so the dam is designed to survive overtoppings and also has a pair of seven-gated spillways capable of handling more than .〔Wilson, p. 437〕〔American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 201–09〕〔
The dam is operated in conjunction with Loveland Dam and its reservoir approximately upstream for flood control purposes. The dam serves as a backup water storage facility for the San Diego metropolitan area today in the case of drought, and provides some local municipal water. The reservoir serves for wildlife management and recreation among other uses.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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